我总是为 Java 项目使用 Intellij IDEA 下载的 JDK，但当我们需要在终端中使用 Java 时，不是很好管理各个版本。因此写了这个使用 doskey 的脚本，注册 java 和 jshell 的别名。
效果
> java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_442"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-8.442.06.1 (build 1.8.0_442-b06)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-8.442.06.1 (build 25.442-b06, mixed mode)
> setjava 17
[Java] Switched to v17 (C:\Users\Alex3236\.jdks\corretto-17.0.14\bin\java.exe)
[JShell] Switched to v17 (C:\Users\Alex3236\.jdks\corretto-17.0.14\bin\jshell.exe)
> java -version
openjdk version "17.0.14" 2025-01-21 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-17.0.14.7.1 (build 17.0.14+7-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-17.0.14.7.1 (build 17.0.14+7-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
> jshell -version
jshell 17.0.14
> java8 -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_442"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-8.442.06.1 (build 1.8.0_442-b06)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-8.442.06.1 (build 25.442-b06, mixed mode)
脚本
:: cmd-autorun.bat
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set "jdk_root=%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%\.jdks"
for /d %%d in ("%jdk_root%\*") do (
if exist "%%d\version.txt" (
:: 读取版本文件第一行
set "version="
for /f "usebackq delims=" %%v in ("%%d\version.txt") do if not defined version set "version=%%v"
:: 提取主版本号
for /f "tokens=1 delims=." %%m in ("!version!") do set "major=%%m"
:: 注册Java别名
set "java_exe=%%d\bin\java.exe"
if exist "!java_exe!" (
doskey java!major!="!java_exe!" $*
)
:: 注册JShell别名（如果存在）
set "jshell_exe=%%d\bin\jshell.exe"
if exist "!jshell_exe!" (
doskey jshell!major!="!jshell_exe!" $*
)
)
)
endlocal
:: setjava.bat
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
rem 参数检查
if "%~1"=="" (
echo Usage: %~nx0 ^<major_version^>
echo Example: %~nx0 17
exit /b 1
)
rem 验证版本号格式
echo %1|findstr /r "^[0-9][0-9]*$" >nul || (
echo Invalid version number: %1
exit /b 1
)
set "target_java=java%1"
set "target_jshell=jshell%1"
set "java_macro="
set "jshell_macro="
rem 获取所有宏定义
for /f "tokens=1* delims==" %%A in ('doskey /macros') do (
if /i "%%A"=="%target_java%" set "java_macro=%%B"
if /i "%%A"=="%target_jshell%" set "jshell_macro=%%B"
)
rem 处理Java切换
if not defined java_macro (
echo Error: Java v%1 alias not registered
exit /b 1
)
rem 提取Java路径
set "java_path=!java_macro:" $*=!"
set "java_path=!java_path:~1!"
if exist "!java_path!" (
doskey java="!java_path!" $*
echo [Java] Switched to v%1 ^(!java_path!^)
) else (
echo Error: Java executable not found
exit /b 1
)
rem 处理JShell切换
if defined jshell_macro (
set "jshell_path=!jshell_macro:" $*=!"
set "jshell_path=!jshell_path:~1!"
if exist "!jshell_path!" (
doskey jshell="!jshell_path!" $*
echo [JShell] Switched to v%1 ^(!jshell_path!^)
) else (
echo Warning: JShell executable missing for v%1
)
) else (
echo Info: JShell v%1 not registered, keeping current
)
endlocal